The reason why the electric mileage of lithium batteries is reduced by half in winter is mainly due to the impact of temperature on the performance of lithium batteries. Here are some of the main factors:
1. The electrochemical reaction rate decreases: In a low-temperature environment, the transmission speed of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes will decrease. Low temperature causes the viscosity of the electrolyte to increase and the diffusion rate of lithium ions between electrodes to slow down, thus affecting the charge and discharge performance of the battery.
2. Increase in internal resistance: In low temperature environments, the internal resistance of lithium batteries will increase, resulting in a reduction in the battery’s charge and discharge efficiency. This reduces the available power of the battery, which in turn affects the battery’s cruising range.
3. Battery self-discharge: In low temperature environments, the self-discharge rate of lithium batteries will increase. This will result in a reduction in the available power of the battery, further affecting the cruising range.
4. Charging speed slows down: In low temperature environments, the charging speed of lithium batteries will slow down. Therefore, in winter, the battery may take longer to fully charge, which will also affect the range.
5. Battery capacity fading: During long-term use, lithium batteries will experience capacity fading. As time goes by, the gap between battery range in winter and summer may further widen.
In order to reduce the impact of low temperature on the performance of lithium batteries, some measures can be taken, such as using insulation materials to provide additional protection for the battery, placing the battery in a warmer environment, etc. These measures only improve battery performance, but cannot completely eliminate the impact of low temperature on battery performance.
